Generation mean analysis with joint scaling test was performed to determine the type of gene action. Generations of F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were derived from crosses between Shiraz (drought susceptibility) cultivar with Ws-82-14 line (drought tolerance) and Shiraz cultivar with Shole (drought tolerance) along with their parents were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications under stress and non-stress moisture conditions. Traits evaluated in this experiment included plant height, peduncle length, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain yield per plant, 1000- seed weight, flowering date and plant weight. Genetic parameters including mean (m), gene effects additive (d), dominance (h), epistasis effects additive × additive [i], additive× dominance [j], and dominance× dominance [l] were evaluated for different traits. The dominant gene effect was found the most important genetic effect in controlling many traits evaluated. In addition the additive × additive [i] epistasis was more important than dominant × dominant [l] epistasis. The average of broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities were obtained for grain yield in Ws-82-14×Shiraz cross in normal condition, 78% and 44%, in stress condition, 69% and 57%, while in Shole × Shiraz cross in normal condition were 52% and 29%, and in stress condition, 78% and 56%, respectively. The average degree of dominance ÖH/D in most of the traits was larger than 1which indicated the importance of dominance and it was in agreement with the low value of narrow sense heritability. Transgressive SEGREGATION for the whole traits showed that these crosses can result into recombinant progenies for drought tolerance.

In this article, residential SEGREGATION in the city of Tehran has been investigated. The SEGREGATION of different social groups has been investigated through scientific methods and proper indexation. In recent years, this SEGREGATION has been looked at from two perspectives, on group believes in increasing differentiation, and the other emphasizes the polarization, duality or zonality of the social spatial of the cities. In this article, in lieu of the important consequences of residential SEGREGATION in cities, the assumption of the spatial separation of different socio-economic groups has been tested using different statistical indications. The result confirm the separation of different social status and its dimension have been proven according to the regions.

This paper is an anthropological investigation of the effects of the emphasis on gender SEGREGATION in private and public spaces on the quality of intimate relationships between girls and boys. Policymakers pursue an emphasis on spatial gender SEGREGATION with the goal of promoting moral health and preserving the Islamic identity of cities. To assess how policymakers’,goals regarding spatial gender SEGREGATION affect users’,actions and attitudes, we took advantage of the participation of two groups of girls with different lifestyles. One of these two groups, which adheres strongly to gendered spatial SEGREGATION rules, was identified as having an inflexible lifestyle and compared to the other group, which adheres more flexibly to gender SEGREGATION and is referred to as the flexible lifestyle group. Lefebvre’, s theory was used to emphasize space as a social product and to distinguish between spatial action, spatial representation, and representative space. The research method was ethnographic and comparative, focusing on participant observation techniques and ethnographic interviews. The research shows that inflexible gender SEGREGATION is associated with secrecy and riskier decisions. Thus, the research shows that inflexible spatial SEGREGATION does not meet the moral and identity goals of policymakers.

In the foundations of religious epistemology, the school of SEGREGATION on reason using is one of the sources of knowledge that presents a different image from the common images. The lack of clear logic in presenting opinions by the school of SEGREGATIONists makes their views ambiguous. In the present article, first, the epistemological foundations of the SEGREGATION view are presented, which are: tools of knowledge, sources of knowledge, and the criterion of accuracy and correctness of cognition. Then, the claim of the believers in the school of SEGREGATION is that the intellect in the philosophical sense is not one of the tools of examined knowledge. According to this claim, the only role that man has in creating knowledge is the unequivocal acceptance of revelatory teachings. Hence, the concept intended by the SEGREGATIONists about reason does not have the necessary conviction. The current article aims to prove that there must be a common criterion for distinguishing right from wrong. Therefore, by abandoning the tools of reason, a correct understanding of the revelation taught can’, t be achieved. Religious knowledge is the product of the measurement and interaction of both intellectual knowledge and narrative knowledge. Also the view of the school of SEGREGATION in this issue has been criticized and examined using an intra-religious and a critical-analytical method.

Spatial SEGREGATION is both a reflection of the existing social structure and a mechanism to enforce that structure. In Tehran, the dramatic increase in the capacity of universities and educational institutions has led to a significant rise in the number of graduates with a university degree, but it is still unclear to what extent spatial SEGREGATION exists based on education levels. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the spatial SEGREGATION of the population based on gender and education level in Tehran Metropolitan Area. 2011 census data were analyzed using spatial statistics and analysis by GeoDa and Geo-SEGREGATION Analyzer software. The results show that the degree of spatial SEGREGATION of individuals with university education is higher than other educational groups, and the groups with lower education are more integrated and living in the south and south-east regions of the city. The level of spatial SEGREGATION of women with higher education is more than men. The results of this study are consistent with the historical north-south socio-spatial patterns. In addition, the results indicate that individuals are in clusters with similar socioeconomic characteristics. Finally, the metropolis of Tehran is experiencing considerable SEGREGATION between different social strata.

One of the outcomes of migration to cities is the formation of certain patterns of residential SEGREGATION. Although the bulk of research has demonstrated the SEGREGATION of immigrants in metropolises, this subject has not been sufficiently addressed in small towns. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to answer the question of whether in a small city like Qaen, the immigrants had resorted to spatial SEGREGATION from a spatial perspective. The data was extracted from the statistical blocks of the 2016 Census of Qaen City and entered into Geo-SEGREGATION Analyzer software to measure SEGREGATION indicators. Also, Arc GIS was used for supplemental spatial analyses and multiple regression analysis was conducted by SPSS. The results revealed that in the Evenness dimension, IS was moderate (0.495), the entropy index (H) was low (0.26), and the Gini index was relatively high (0.685). Accordingly, it can be argued that immigrants have not been evenly distributed and concentration in some blocks is evident. The Exposure dimension measured by the xPx index was low (0.258). The Delta index and Absolute Concentration, as indicators of concentration, are both in the moderate range, but the Absolute Clustering index (ACL) is low (0.274) . Still, spatial statistics such as Global Moran's I, General G and Ripley's K Function suggest that immigrants have settled based on a clustered pattern. Also, the low Absolute Centralization index (ACL) indicates a lower tendency of immigrants to the city center. In general, as suggested by most of the indicators, the SEGREGATION of immigrants from the rest of the population is confirmed. Further, according to the multiple linear regression, immigrants tend to settle in areas with restricted access to urban services, limited residential areas, and higher population density.